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How to start Virtual machine from command line – HyperV – Powershell

James O’Neill is the developer of the Powershell management library for Hyper-V and his library is invaluable when it comes to administering Hyper-V from the command line. To download and install it, go to the Powershell management library website above and get the Hyperv.zip file. It contains 2 files inside. Extract these to a simple directory you can get to easily at the command line, like C:\temp or make a directory like C:\powershell.

Now, Start PowerShell (cmd-powershell.exe). Change directory into the directory with the Hyper-V PowerShell Library scripts.

Unless you want to get into the digital signing of PowerShell scripts you can disable PowerShell security temporarily by doing:

[code]Set-ExecutionPolicy unrestricted[/code]

Then, to load this new Hyper-V PowerShell Library you need to do this:

[code]<strong>.</strong> c:\tmp\hyperv.ps1[/code]

Notice the “dot” then “space” and then the full path to the Hyper-V PS1 file. That “dot space” is very important because that is what keeps this library in memory for the duration of this PowerShell session.

From here, you will be given a security warning an you must choose “R” to run this script. You should be rewarded with “VM Functions Loaded” and a list of all the commands that you are now enabled to run so that you can manage your Hyper-V Server from the PowerShell command line.

Here is what it looks like:

Figure 4: Installing the Hyper-V PowerShell Library

Now that our library is installed, let us find out how to use it.

Administering Hyper-V using the PowerShell Library

The Hyper-V PowerShell Library User Guide explains how to use the, almost 100, commands included in the library. And remember that each of these almost 100 commands has many parameters. Thus, this is a huge management library for Hyper-V, not just a handful of commands. Explaining how to all the commands goes beyond the scope of this article (and that is why there is a 41 page user guide).

That being said, let me show you how to use a handful of the basic commands in the Hyper-V PowerShell Library.

And keep in mind that, just with any commands you can perform at the command line, they become exponentially more powerful when combined with scripts that can use them intelligently.

Here are 5 Hyper-V PowerShell Library Commands and how to use them:

Get-VMsummary – provides a detailed summary of all guest virtual machines on your Hyper-V server

Figure 5: Get-VMsummary output

Start-VM, Stop-VM, Suspend-VM, and Shutdown-VM – the purpose of these commands are obvious. All you need to provide is the VMElementName as it was shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Using the Start-VM command

New-VM – what is the quickest way to create a new guest VM? Just type New-VM and here is what you get, a new virtual machine that you still need to configure and start.

Figure 7: Creating a new virtual machine

Get-VMmemory – lists out all virtual machines on the host and their memory amount.

Figure 8: Get-VMmemory

Get-VMsnapshot
The Get-VMsnapshot command shows all snapshots created in your Hyper-V environment. When it comes to snapshots, you can also use commands like Update-VMsnapshot, New-VMsnapshot, Apply-VMsnapshot, Get-VMsnapshotTree, and Choose-VMsnapshot.

Figure 9: Get-VMsnapshot

http://www.virtualizationadmin.com/articles-tutorials/microsoft-hyper-v-articles/storage-management/administer-microsoft-hyper-v-command-line-cli.html

How to solve problem with none network adapter in Ubuntu – Hyper-V

You just need to shut down the VM, open the settings and remove the current network adapter.
Then you need to "Add hardware" and choose "Legacy Network Adapter".

Boot up and edit:
[code]/etc/network/interfaces[/code]

E.g static IP address:
[code]iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.254[/code]

Set DNS and restart networking service.

How to convert UNIX/LINUX time to human readable format

How to get the current epoch time
[code]date +%s[/code]

Convert from human readable date to epoch
[code]date +%s -d"Jan 1, 1980 00:00:01"[/code]

Convert from epoch to human readable date
[code]date -d @1190000000[/code]

Nastavení oprávnění pro seriový port ttyS*

Po restartu linux serveru ztrácí ttyS0 oprávnění.

Řešení:

1. Přidat uživatelský účet do skupiny "dialout"

[sourcecode language="plain"]sudo addgroup $USERNAME dialout[/sourcecode]

2. Nastavit oprávnění editací souboru: "/etc/udev/rules.d/40-permissions.rules"

[sourcecode language="plain"]sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/40-permissions.rules[/sourcecode]
zde přidat do řádek
[sourcecode language="plain"] KERNEL=="ttyS[0-9]", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0777" [/sourcecode]

3. Restartovat "udev"

[sourcecode language="plain"]sudo /etc/init.d/udev restart[/sourcecode]

4. Ověřime oprávnění

[sourcecode language="plain"]
root@*****:/etc/udev/rules.d# ls -al /dev/ttyS0
crwxrwxrwx 1 root dialout 4, 64 2010-03-22 08:32 /dev/ttyS0
[/sourcecode]

hotovo

Apache a LDAP, Windows autentifikace

Potřebujete zajistit aby byli uživatelé před vstupem na web ověřeni vůči AD?
V nastavení Apache (httpd.conf), povolit modul:

[sourcecode language="plain"]LoadModule authz_ldap_module modules/mod_authz_ldap.so[/sourcecode]

V adresáři webového serveru, který chcete zabezpečit vytvořte .htaccess soubor s následujícími parametry:

[sourcecode language="vb"]AuthType Basic
# What the users will see as a "title" of the login prompt:
AuthName "Domain Credentials Required"
# use plain LDAP authentication:
AuthzLDAPMethod ldap
# FQDN resolvable hostname (or IP) of the Windows
# AD domain controller:
AuthzLDAPServer <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>your_dc.your_domain.com</strong></span>
# Distinguished Name (DN) of the user that mod_authz_ldap should
# bind to the LDAP server as when searching for the domain user
# provided by the web client (Active Directory does not allow
# anonymous binds). Note, the cn attribute corresponds to the
# "Display Name" field of a user's account in the Active Directory
# Users and Computers tool, not their login username:
AuthzLDAPBindDN "<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">cn=your_user,OU=your_OU,dc=your_domain,dc=com</span></strong>"
# the BindDN user's password:
AuthzLDAPBindPassword "<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">password</span></strong>"
# LDAP Attribute where the user's domain login username is stored in:
AuthzLDAPUserKey sAMAccountName
# Base DN to begin searching for users from in the LDAP:
AuthzLDAPUserBase "<span style="color: #ff0000;">d<strong>c=your_domain,dc=com</strong></span>"
# Search in sub-containers below the UserBase DN if
# necessary (most likely):
AuthzLDAPUserScope subtree
# Require the username and password provided to be a valid
# user in the AD:
require valid-user[/sourcecode]

Červěně jsou označny oblasti, které je zapotřebí nahradit.

Upozornění:

Metoda zde popsaná pracuje s heslem ve formátu plain-text, takže pozor na rizika s tím spojená.